Muaj ntau hom roj nplua nyeem, txhua yam khoom tshwj xeeb muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, tuaj yeem paub txog txhua yam khoom siv roj nplua nyeem zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, kev siv cov txheej txheem, yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb cov qauv tsim zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntev thiab ua pov thawj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv cheeb tsam, thiab tas li sau cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev siv tiag tiag.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub lubricant kom raug, peb tau tshawb xyuas ib txoj hauv kev thiab hauv paus hauv kev xyaum:
1, Molecular qauv ntawm lubricant
Kev siv cov roj nplua nyeem kom nkag siab txog cov qauv molecular, suav nrog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, cov saw ntev, ib leeg thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus, cov saw saw hlau, isomerization, thiab lwm yam, los pab txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv chemistry, qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov qauv ntawm tib hom tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ib yam khoom uas muaj tib lub qauv molecular tej zaum yuav muaj ib qho cis piv rau cov qauv tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov teebmeem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib tug lubricant, cov qauv molecular tsuas yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tsis tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm.
2, lub polarity ntawm lubricant
Raws li tau qhia ua ntej, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov zoo sib xws, PVC yog cov khoom siv polar, lub lubricant yog polar lossis non-polar, tuaj yeem txhais tau hais tias yog lubrication sab hauv, lubrication sab nraud.
Lo lus "zoo ib yam" los yog "zoo ib yam" yuav tsum tau tuav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm polarity. Yog hais tias tib lub polar khoom, tab sis nrog polarity ntawm PVC yog qhov sib txawv loj, nws yuav tsis zoo heev soluble.
3, lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm lubricant
Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem ib txwm yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tsis quav ntsej los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntau lawm! Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem los tiv thaiv thermal decomposition lossis thermal khoom hloov pauv.
Lubricant siv ib puag ncig yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm cov khoom, lub tshuab ntsia hlau, ntsia hlau chim, pwm, yog hais tias lub lubricant nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau raug thermal decomposition los yog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom hloov, nws yuav tsis ua lub luag hauj lwm lubricating. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thermal decomposition ntawm cov khoom seem decomposition tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab cov tsos ntawm PVC cov khoom. Peb feem ntau pom cov khoom siv hluav taws kub tuag, cov khoom kos duab kos duab thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag, feem ntau nrog cov roj nplua nyeem kub-resistant decomposition muaj kev sib raug zoo.
Yog li peb feem ntau pom, yog tias koj siv cov roj tsis zoo uas tsis muaj cua sov, xws li stearic acid, paraffin, qis melting point ntawm PE wax, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau tsis txaus lubrication nyob rau hauv cov theem tom qab ntawm kev ua, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, los yog cov khoom tsis zoo. nto gloss thiab lwm yam phenomena, uas yog vim lub decomposition ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub lubrication yog tsis txaus. Yog tias peb ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant PE wax, ester sab nraud zawv zawg tus neeg saib xyuas lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo-resistant PE wax, peb tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem.
Thaum tsim cov qauv, ntau tus kws tshaj lij feem ntau phim "pre-lubricant", "mid-lubricant" thiab "post-lubricant". Kev paub: txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov ua tiav lubrication system, kom cov txheej txheem yog du. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov "pre-lubricant" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem pib decompose thiab tsis, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov "mid-term lubricant" nyob rau hauv lub lig kev ua hauj lwm pib decompose thiab poob.
Yog tias muaj cov roj nplua nyeem, muaj cov cua kub zoo heev, nyob rau theem pib ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj lubrication sab nraud, nruab nrab lub sij hawm, lig tsis decomposition tsis ua hauj lwm, ces qhov no lubricant tib lub sij hawm nrog "pre-lubricant", "mid -lubricant, "late lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant", "lubricant" thiab "lubricant". Lub luag haujlwm "Late lubricant".
Raws li peb tau qhia cov ester lubricant paub: ester lubricant melting point yog tsawg, nruab nrab ntawm 45 ~ 65 degree, tab sis cov ester lubricant muaj zoo tshav kub tsis kam, qhov dav tshav kub-resistant kub ntau yam ntawm 200 ~ 320 degree, nyob rau hauv lub PVC ua yuav tsis poob. thiab decomposition ntawm lub hauv paus. Yog li ester lubricant tuaj yeem muaj cov nyhuv ntawm lubrication tib lub sijhawm thaum ntxov, nruab nrab thiab lig. Qhov no kuj yog ester lubricants nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm PVC formulations ntxiv ze li ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub laj thawj, vim hais tias yeej tsis noj thiab decomposition.
4, lub volatility ntawm lub lubricant
Ib yam li ntawd, lub volatility ntawm lub lubricant tau tsis quav ntsej los ntawm feem ntau cov kws tshaj lij. Volatility yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev hloov ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kua rau cov roj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Yog hais tias lub lubricant muaj lubrication zoo thiab kub tsis kam, tab sis feem ntau nws vaporizes thiab evaporates thaum lub sij hawm ua, ces nws tsis yog ib tug zoo lubricant. Piv txwv li cetyl cawv, stearic acid, thiab lwm yam.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lossis ntsuas qhov volatility ntawm lub roj nplua nyeem, koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau ib qho taw qhia: lub teeb nyem. Qhov siab dua qhov flash point, qhov zoo dua qhov volatility kuj.
Tshwj xeeb, ester lubricants muaj qhov tsis zoo tsis zoo, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 210 txog 240 degrees lossis siab dua. Feem ntau, muaj tsawg heev volatilization nyob rau hauv PVC ua kub.
Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, yog tias lub tshuab nqus tsev nag lossis daus loj heev, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm lubricant volatilization.
5, Melting point ntawm lubricant
Lub melting point ntawm lub lubricant feem ntau yog siv los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob raws li qhov tsuas yog cov txheej txheem rau lub lubricant, uas yog ib qho kev to taub yuam kev. Lub melting point raws li ib tug lubricant nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib tug qhia, uas muaj tej yam kev txwv thiab tsis raug.
Lub melting point tsuas yog siv los ua ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem cov txiaj ntsig, tab sis tsis yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov nyhuv lubricating. Raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv ob nqe lus saum toj no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov taw qhia ntawm lub lubricating nyhuv ua qhov kub thiab txias yog lub lubricant lub tshav kub tsis kam thiab volatility kuj.
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsim lub tswv yim tsis meej thiab tsis raug: cov roj nplaum uas tsis tshua muaj melting point sib raug rau "pre-lubrication", nruab nrab melting point lubricant sib haum mus rau "mid-lubrication", thiab siab melting point lubricant sib haum mus rau "post-lubrication". Lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum yog: qis melting point lubricant sib raug rau "pre-lubrication". Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov tseeb dua los hais tias cov roj nplua nyeem uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo sib haum rau "pre-lubrication", thiab cov roj nplua nyeem uas muaj cov cua sov siab thiab tsis muaj zog tiv taus sib haum rau "post-lubrication".
Peb paub los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub melting point ntawm ib yam khoom thiab nws cov cua kub tsis kam thiab volatility. Nws tsuas yog ua tau tias muaj xws li kev sib raug zoo hauv ib pawg ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, yog tias tib PE wax tawg, qhov siab dua qhov melting point, qhov siab dua qhov hnyav molecular thiab qhov zoo dua cov cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tseem yog PE wax, polymerized PE wax nrog qis melting point tej zaum yuav muaj cov cua sov zoo dua thiab lubrication zoo dua li PE wax nrog cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua.
Synergistic daim ntawv thov ntawm lubricants
Lubricants muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, sib txawv hauv thiab sab nraud lubrication cuam tshuam thiab sib txawv sib xws nrog PVC. Yog li ntawd, ib tug zoo meej PVC formulation feem ntau yuav tsum tau muaj ntau yam ntawm lubricants yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau.
Lubricants uas tsis tshua muaj melting point muaj qhov zoo pib tshwm sim, xws li paraffin wax, butyl stearate, stearyl cawv, polyol esters, stearic acid thiab hais txog.
Lubricants uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab melting feem ntau yog siv los ua cov roj ntsha hauv theem lig. Cov roj nplua nyeem muaj xws li calcium stearate, barium stearate, 316, thiab lwm yam.
Calcium stearate ib leeg nyob rau hauv formulation accelerates plasticization, tsub kom yaj viscosity, tsub kom torque, thiab muaj ib co pwm tso tawm nyhuv, thaum paraffin ib leeg exhibits qeeb plasticization, txo torque, thiab tsis muaj pwm tso tawm nyhuv. Thaum sib tov calcium stearate thiab paraffin wax (polyethylene wax) nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem, nws qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv zoo, thiab torque tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo kom ntau, uas yog vim lub nkag mus ntawm paraffin wax rau hauv lub intermolecule ntawm calcium stearate, uas ntxiv dag zog rau lub lubrication nyhuv, thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj zog synergistic nyhuv. Tib cov nyhuv ntawm stearic acid thiab paraffin wax.
Kev siv ntau yam ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem hauv PVC formulations, kev sib nrig sib nkag mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txo tag nrho cov roj lubricants siv, tab sis kuj ua rau PVC formulations ntawm kev ua ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom dav, txhim kho. Lub uniformity ntawm cov qauv ntawm PVC yaj, txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm cov khoom thiab cov tsos ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, los xyuas kom meej tias lub lubricating tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm cov txheej txheem extrusion ntawm cov khoom.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ntau yam lubricants ntawm qhov ceev ntawm PVC plasticization
Calcium stearate yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws plasticizing tus neeg saib xyuas, monoglyceride yog qhov thib ob, tom qab ntawd cov hmoov lead stearate, oxidized polyethylene wax, stearic acid, PE wax, paraffin wax yog cov yas yas qeeb tshaj plaws. Lub plasticizer epoxidized soybean roj tau zoo dua hauv kev txhim kho yaj ntws.
Lubricants feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud lubrication, tab sis tsis yog los ntawm ib qho khoom ntiag tug kiag li. Los ntawm kev siv cov nyhuv, qhov ntau dua qhov polarity, qhov zoo dua qhov sib xyaw nrog PVC, ua rau cov nyhuv ntawm PVC intermolecular fluidity yog qhov pom tseeb dua, qhov tseem ceeb hauv lubrication, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov tsis muaj polarity, qhov tseem ceeb sab nraud. lubrication.
